Clinical Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2010;28(3):349-66. doi: 10.3233/RNN-2010-0538.
Brain plasticity can be considered the main result of brain communication with the 'external' and 'internal' environment. Learning new skills as well as endogenous brain function recovery following a lesion are based on neural plasticity, a dynamic phenomenon occurring in response to modification of conscious and pre- or sub-conscious experiences as they progressively stabilize at the synaptic and neural networks level. In spite of previously accepted theory, brain plasticity occurs throughout lifespan being an inner property of the system. Different models of brain plasticity are examined in relation with different modifications of the CNS: healthy brain ageing, neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. A clarification of advantageous as well as of aberrant brain plasticity mechanisms in pathological conditions may help to improve the development of rehabilitation methods to better address and facilitate such processes.
大脑的可塑性可以被认为是大脑与“外部”和“内部”环境进行交流的主要结果。学习新技能以及脑损伤后的内源性脑功能恢复都基于神经可塑性，这是一种动态现象，它会对有意识和潜意识经验的改变做出反应，并在突触和神经网络层面逐渐稳定下来。尽管存在先前被接受的理论，但大脑的可塑性会在整个生命周期中发生，是系统的内在特性。不同的大脑可塑性模型与中枢神经系统的不同改变有关：健康的大脑老化、神经退行性疾病、缺血性中风和多发性硬化症。阐明病理性条件下有利和异常的大脑可塑性机制，可能有助于改善康复方法的发展，以更好地应对和促进这些过程。
