Guzmán-De-Villoria Juan A, Ferreiro-Argüelles Concepción, Fernández-García Pilar
Department of Radiology/Neuroradiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2010 Jun;31(3):260-74. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2010.03.002.
Diffuse brainstem lesions are poorly defined, often large abnormalities and include tumors (gliomas and lymphomas) vasculitis (Behçet's disease), traumatic brainstem injury, degenerative disorders (Wallerian degeneration), infections, processes secondary to systemic conditions (central pontine myelinolysis, hypertensive or hepatic encephalopathy), and ischemic pathology (leukoaraiosis). Magnetic resonance imaging is the most appropriate imaging modality to use in evaluating lesions of this type, but often findings are nonspecific. Therefore, radiologists need to bear in mind such additional information as patient age and clinical features in making a differential diagnosis.
弥漫性脑干病变边界不清，通常范围较大，包括肿瘤（胶质瘤和淋巴瘤）、血管炎（白塞病）、创伤性脑干损伤、退行性疾病（华勒变性）、感染、继发于全身性疾病的病变（中央桥脑髓鞘溶解症、高血压性或肝性脑病）以及缺血性病变（脑白质疏松症）。磁共振成像（MRI）是评估此类病变最合适的影像学检查方法，但检查结果往往缺乏特异性。因此，放射科医生在进行鉴别诊断时需要考虑患者年龄和临床特征等额外信息。
