A phase II trial of neoadjuvant gemcitabine, epirubicin, and docetaxel as primary treatment of patients with locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer.

BACKGROUND

Three-drug regimens containing gemcitabine, an anthracycline, and a taxane produce response rates of 70%-90% in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) although accompanied by considerable hematologic toxicity. We explored the combination of gemcitabine/epirubicin/docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy. Docetaxel was administered weekly to decrease myelosuppression.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 110 patients with locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer received neoadjuvant gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 intravenously (I.V.) days 1 and 8, epirubicin 75 mg/m2 I.V. day 1, and docetaxel 30 mg/m2 I.V. days 1 and 8, repeated every 21 days for 4 cycles. Then patients had either mastectomy or breast conservation surgery, and pathologic treatment responses were assessed. After surgery, 4 cycles of adjuvant gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 I.V. days 1 and 8 and docetaxel 35 mg/m2 I.V. days 1 and 8 were administered at 21-day intervals. After patients completed chemotherapy, locoregional radiation therapy and/or anti-estrogen therapy was administered per standard guidelines.

RESULTS

Treatment with 4 cycles of neoadjuvant gemcitabine, epirubicin, and weekly docetaxel resulted in an objective response in 79 of 110 patients enrolled (72%; 95% CI, 63-80%). Twenty of 103 patients (19%) who had surgery had pathologic complete response (pCR). Moderate hematologic toxicity was evident during neoadjuvant therapy, with grade 3/4 neutropenia in 41% and febrile neutropenia in 11% of the patients. Protocol-specified dose modifications were required in 35% of the patients, and 58% of the patients used myeloid growth factors.

CONCLUSION

The pCR rate of 19% achieved with gemcitabine, epirubicin, and weekly docetaxel confirms previous reports with similar 3-drug regimens. The use of a weekly schedule of docetaxel did not appear to reduce the incidence of grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity.