Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation, National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, CanadaBC V6T 1W5.
Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Jun;39(6):2184-202. doi: 10.1039/b912552c. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
In this critical review, we present the current technological advances in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalysis, with a focus on strategies for developing nanostructured Pt-alloys as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The achievements are reviewed and the major challenges, including high cost, insufficient activity and low stability, are addressed and discussed. The nanostructured Pt-alloy catalysts can be grouped into different clusters: (i) Pt-alloy nanoparticles, (ii) Pt-alloy nanotextures such as Pt-skins/monolayers on top of base metals, and (iii) branched or anisotropic elongated Pt or Pt-alloy nanostructures. Although some Pt-alloy catalysts with advanced nanostructures have shown remarkable activity levels, the dissolution of metals, including Pt and alloyed base metals, in a fuel cell operating environment could cause catalyst degradation, and still remains an issue. Another concern may be low retention of the nanostructure of the active catalyst during fuel cell operation. To facilitate further efforts in new catalyst development, several research directions are also proposed in this paper (130 references).
在这篇评论中，我们介绍了质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池催化的当前技术进展，重点介绍了开发纳米结构 Pt 合金作为氧还原反应（ORR）电催化剂的策略。我们回顾了取得的成就，并讨论了面临的主要挑战，包括成本高、活性不足和稳定性低等问题。纳米结构 Pt 合金催化剂可以分为不同的类型：（i）Pt 合金纳米颗粒，（ii）Pt 合金纳米结构，如基底金属上的 Pt 皮/单层，和（iii）分支或各向异性拉长的 Pt 或 Pt 合金纳米结构。尽管一些具有先进纳米结构的 Pt 合金催化剂表现出了显著的活性水平，但在燃料电池工作环境中金属（包括 Pt 和合金基底金属）的溶解可能导致催化剂降解，这仍然是一个问题。另一个关注点可能是在燃料电池运行过程中活性催化剂的纳米结构保留率低。为了促进新催化剂开发的进一步努力，本文还提出了几个研究方向（引用文献 130 篇）。
