《人鼠之间：进化与社会主义乌托邦》。威廉·莫里斯、H.G. 威尔斯和乔治·萧伯纳。

Of mice and men: evolution and the socialist utopia. William Morris, H.G. Wells, and George Bernard Shaw.

作者信息

Hale Piers J

机构信息

Department of the History of Science, University of Oklahoma, 601 Elm Avenue, PHSC, Rm. 610 Norman, OK 73019-3106, USA.

出版信息

J Hist Biol. 2010 Spring;43(1):17-66. doi: 10.1007/s10739-009-9177-0.

DOI:10.1007/s10739-009-9177-0

PMID:20503718

Abstract

During the British socialist revival of the 1880s competing theories of evolution were central to disagreements about strategy for social change. In News from Nowhere (1891), William Morris had portrayed socialism as the result of Lamarckian processes, and imagined a non-Malthusian future. H.G. Wells, an enthusiastic admirer of Morris in the early days of the movement, became disillusioned as a result of the Malthusianism he learnt from Huxley and his subsequent rejection of Lamarckism in light of Weismann's experiments on mice. This brought him into conflict with his fellow Fabian, George Bernard Shaw, who rejected neo-Darwinism in favour of a Lamarckian conception of change he called "creative evolution."

摘要

在19世纪80年代英国社会主义复兴时期，相互竞争的进化论对关于社会变革策略的分歧至关重要。在《来自乌有乡的消息》（1891年）中，威廉·莫里斯将社会主义描绘为拉马克式进程的结果，并设想了一个非马尔萨斯式的未来。H.G. 威尔斯在该运动早期是莫里斯的热情仰慕者，但由于他从赫胥黎那里学到的马尔萨斯主义，以及后来根据魏斯曼对小鼠的实验而拒绝拉马克主义，他感到幻灭。这使他与同为费边社成员的乔治·伯纳德·萧伯纳发生冲突，萧伯纳拒绝新达尔文主义，支持他称之为“创造性进化”的拉马克式变革观念。