Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;39(2):243-53, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.002.
The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), affects mineral homeostasis and has numerous other diverse physiologic functions including effects on growth of cancer cells and protection against certain immune disorders. This article reviews the role of vitamin D hydroxylases in providing a tightly regulated supply of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The role of extrarenal 1alpha(OH)ase in placenta and macrophages is also discussed, as well as regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases in aging and chronic kidney disease. Understanding specific factors involved in regulating the hydroxylases may lead to the design of drugs that can selectively modulate the hydroxylases. The ability to alter levels of these enzymes would have therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases, including bone loss disorders and certain immune diseases.
维生素 D 的生物活性代谢产物 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 影响矿物质稳态,具有许多其他不同的生理功能,包括对癌细胞生长的影响和对某些免疫紊乱的保护作用。本文综述了维生素 D 羟化酶在提供 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) 的严格调节供应中的作用。还讨论了胎盘和巨噬细胞中肾外 1α(OH)酶的作用,以及维生素 D 羟化酶在衰老和慢性肾脏病中的调节。了解调节羟化酶的具体因素可能会导致设计出能够选择性调节羟化酶的药物。改变这些酶水平的能力在治疗各种疾病方面具有治疗潜力,包括骨质疏松症和某些自身免疫性疾病。