Wolf G
University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Nutr Rev. 1991 Jan;49(1):1-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1991.tb07349.x.
The intracellular retinoid-binding proteins bind retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinoic acid for purposes of protection against decomposition, solubilize them in aqueous medium, render them nontoxic, and transport them within cells to their site of action. These binding proteins also function by presenting the retinoids to the appropriate enzymes for metabolism. The cytosolic retinol and retinoic acid-binding proteins--CRBP, CRABP, CRBP (II)--function in transport and metabolism of retinoids within parenchymal, intestinal, reproductive, and fetal cells and across blood-organ barriers. A different group of retinoid-binding proteins, more related to serum retinol-binding protein, functions in epididymis and uterus. Retinaldehyde-binding protein aids in the oxidation-reduction reaction of 11-cis-retinol-11-cis-retinaldehyde in the retina, where the interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein transports retinol between pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Finally, a group of retinoic acid-binding proteins termed "receptors" functions in the nucleus by attaching to promoter regions of a number of specific genes to stimulate their transcription and thus affect growth, development, and differentiation.
细胞内类视黄醇结合蛋白结合视黄醇、视黄醛和视黄酸，以防止其分解，使其在水性介质中溶解，使其无毒，并在细胞内将它们运输到作用部位。这些结合蛋白还通过将类视黄醇呈现给适当的酶进行代谢来发挥作用。胞质视黄醇和视黄酸结合蛋白——CRBP、CRABP、CRBP（II）——在实质细胞、肠细胞、生殖细胞和胎儿细胞内以及跨越血-器官屏障的类视黄醇运输和代谢中发挥作用。另一组与血清视黄醇结合蛋白关系更密切的类视黄醇结合蛋白在附睾和子宫中发挥作用。视黄醛结合蛋白有助于视网膜中11-顺式视黄醇-11-顺式视黄醛的氧化还原反应，其中光感受器间视黄醇结合蛋白在色素上皮和光感受器之间运输视黄醇。最后，一组称为“受体”的视黄酸结合蛋白在细胞核中通过附着于许多特定基因的启动子区域来刺激它们的转录，从而影响生长、发育和分化。
