Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Water Res. 2010 Jul;44(13):3819-28. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.042. Epub 2010 May 6.
A horizontal flow biofilm reactor (HFBR) designed for the treatment of synthetic wastewater (SWW) was studied to examine the spatial distribution and dynamics of nitrogen transformation processes. Detailed analyses of bulk water and biomass samples, giving substrate and proportions of ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) gradients in the HFBR, were carried out using chemical analyses, sensor rate measurements and molecular techniques. Based on these results, proposals for the design of HFBR systems are presented. The HFBR comprised a stack of 60 polystyrene sheets with 10-mm deep frustums. SWW was intermittently dosed at two points, Sheets 1 and 38, in a 2 to 1 volume ratio respectively. Removals of 85.7% COD, 97.4% 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) and 61.7% TN were recorded during the study. In the nitrification zones of the HFBR, which were separated by a step-feed zone, little variation in nitrification activity was found, despite decreasing in situ ammonia concentrations. The results further indicate significant simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) activity in the nitrifying zones of the HFBR. Sensor measurements showed a linear increase in potential nitrification rates at temperatures between 7 and 16 degrees C, and similar rates of nitrification were measured at concentrations between 1 and 20mg NH(4)-N/l. These results can be used to optimise HFBR reactor design. The HFBR technology could provide an alternative, low maintenance, economically efficient system for carbon and nitrogen removal for low flow wastewater discharges.
采用水平流生物膜反应器（HFBR）处理人工合成废水（SWW），以考察氮转化过程的空间分布和动力学。通过化学分析、传感器速率测量和分子技术，对HFBR 中基质和氨氧化菌（AOB）和亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）比例的批量水样和生物量样品进行了详细分析，给出了梯度分布。根据这些结果，提出了 HFBR 系统的设计建议。HFBR 由 60 个带有 10mm 深截头圆锥的聚苯乙烯片堆叠而成。SW 在两点间歇投加，体积比分别为 2:1，在 1 和 38 片。研究期间，COD 去除率为 85.7%，五日生化需氧量（BOD5）去除率为 97.4%，TN 去除率为 61.7%。在 HFBR 的硝化区，尽管原位氨浓度降低，但硝化活性变化不大，硝化区由分步进料区隔开。结果进一步表明，HFBR 的硝化区存在显著的同步硝化反硝化（SND）活性。传感器测量结果表明，在 7 至 16℃之间，潜在硝化速率呈线性增加，在 1 至 20mg NH4-N/L 之间，硝化速率相似。这些结果可用于优化 HFBR 反应器设计。HFBR 技术可以为低流量废水排放提供一种替代的、低维护、经济高效的碳氮去除系统。
