Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2010 Oct;107(2):67-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.05.003. Epub 2010 Jun 12.
Using 20 levels of intensity, we measured children's thresholds to discriminate the six basic emotional expressions from neutral and their misidentification rates. Combined with the results of a previous study using the same method (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 102 (2009) 503-521), the results indicate that by 5 years of age, children are adult-like, or nearly adult-like, for happy expressions on all measures. Children's sensitivity to other expressions continues to improve between 5 and 10 years of age (e.g., surprise, disgust, fear) or even after 10 years of age (e.g., anger, sad). The results indicate that there is a slow development of sensitivity to the expression of all basic emotions except happy. This slow development may impact children's social and cognitive development by limiting their sensitivity to subtle expressions of disapproval or disappointment.
我们使用 20 个强度级别，测量了儿童辨别六种基本表情与中性表情的阈限，以及他们的错误识别率。结合先前使用相同方法的研究结果（《实验儿童心理学杂志》，102（2009）503-521），结果表明，5 岁时，在所有测量指标上，儿童对于高兴表情的敏感性与成人相似，或者几乎与成人相似。5 岁到 10 岁之间（例如，惊讶、厌恶、恐惧），甚至 10 岁之后（例如，愤怒、悲伤），儿童对其他表情的敏感性仍在不断提高。结果表明，除了高兴表情之外，儿童对所有基本表情的敏感性都呈缓慢发展趋势。这种缓慢的发展可能会通过限制他们对细微的不赞成或失望表情的敏感性，影响儿童的社会和认知发展。
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