State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Jul 14;58(13):7915-21. doi: 10.1021/jf1011352.
This study investigated the influence of two types of biochars on the bioavailability of two soil-applied insecticides (chlorpyrifos and fipronil) to Chinese chives ( Allium tuberosum ) and dissipation of the pesticides in the biochar-amended soils. The biochars (BC450 and BC850) prepared from the burning of cotton ( Gossypium spp.) straw chips at two different temperatures (450 and 850 degrees C) were thoroughly mixed into a soil to achieve 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% by soil dry weight. Chinese chives were grown for 5 weeks in the biochar-amended soils spiked with 50 mg kg(-1) of each pesticide. The loss of both pesticides in soils decreased significantly with increasing amounts of the biochars in the soil. After 35 days of incubation, 58-68% of the pesticides was lost from the control soil, whereas in the soil amended with 1.0% BC850 only 34% of chlorpyrifos and 32% of fipronil were dissipated. More losses of the pesticides were found in the soils with plants due to plant uptake and enhanced microbial degradation. Despite greater persistence of the two pesticide residues in the biochar-amended soils, plant uptake of the two pesticides from the amended soils decreased markedly with increasing biochar content in the soil. With the amendment of 1% of BC850 in the soil, the total chlorpyrifos and fipronil residues in plant biomass decreased to 19 and 48% of those in the control treatment, respectively. Thus, biochar BC850 was found to be effective in reducing the bioavailability of both pesticides from the soil. Biochar could be applied to sequester pesticide residues in contaminated soils and to reduce plant uptake.
本研究调查了两种生物炭对两种土壤施用杀虫剂（毒死蜱和氟虫腈）在韭菜（Allium tuberosum）中的生物有效性和在添加生物炭土壤中农药消解的影响。两种生物炭（BC450 和 BC850）是由两种不同温度（450 和 850°C）燃烧棉花（Gossypium spp.）秸秆片制成的，按土壤干重的 0、0.1、0.5 和 1%充分混入土壤中。在添加 50mgkg(-1) 每种农药的生物炭改良土壤中，韭菜生长了 5 周。随着土壤中生物炭用量的增加，两种农药在土壤中的损失显著减少。在 35 天的培养期后，对照土壤中 58-68%的农药损失，而在添加 1.0%BC850 的土壤中，只有 34%的毒死蜱和 32%的氟虫腈被消解。由于植物吸收和微生物降解增强，植物存在的土壤中农药损失更多。尽管两种农药残留物在添加生物炭的土壤中更持久，但由于土壤中生物炭含量的增加，植物对两种农药的吸收显著减少。在土壤中添加 1%的 BC850 时，植物生物量中总毒死蜱和氟虫腈残留量分别降低到对照处理的 19%和 48%。因此，发现生物炭 BC850 能有效降低土壤中两种农药的生物有效性。生物炭可用于隔离污染土壤中的农药残留并减少植物吸收。
