Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1512-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1185198.
Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a shift in the acid-base chemistry of seawater, reduced subsurface oxygen both in near-shore coastal water and in the open ocean, rising coastal nitrogen levels, and widespread increase in mercury and persistent organic pollutants. Most of these perturbations, tied either directly or indirectly to human fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and industrial activity, are projected to grow in coming decades, resulting in increasing negative impacts on ocean biota and marine resources.
气候变化、大气中二氧化碳的增加、过量营养物质的输入以及多种形式的污染正在从根本上改变海洋的化学性质，这种改变在很多情况下是全球性的，而且在某些情况下，其变化速度大大超过了历史和近期地质记录中的变化速度。主要的观测趋势包括海水酸碱化学性质的转变、近岸沿海和开阔海域底层氧气减少、沿海地区氮水平上升以及汞和持久性有机污染物的广泛增加。这些干扰大多数与人类燃烧化石燃料、使用化肥和工业活动直接或间接相关，预计在未来几十年将继续增加，从而对海洋生物群和海洋资源产生越来越多的负面影响。
