Department of Pediatrics, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Charleston Division, West Virginia University, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia 25304, USA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010 Aug;31(8):816-21. doi: 10.1086/654004.
To describe factors associated with a rectal swab or stool sample positive for norovirus, rotavirus, or adenovirus.
Retrospective study.
Charleston Area Medical Center, a regional academic medical center in Charleston, West Virginia.
Rectal swab or stool samples were obtained from patients suspected of having viral gastroenteritis. These samples were sent to the Charleston Area Medical Center virology laboratory for testing in 2007. Viral antigen in rectal swab and stool samples is detected by use of commercially available immunoassay kits for each virus. Data were extracted from the virology laboratory database for the following 1-year time period: January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2007. When necessary, additional information was obtained from electronic administrative data on patients.
There were 2,867 rectal swab and stool samples available for viral testing. Of these samples, 1,261 (44%) were positive for a virus. Of these positive samples, 972 (77%) were positive for norovirus, 182 (14%) were positive for rotavirus, and 110 (9%) were positive for adenovirus. The patients in the youngest age group had the highest number of test results positive for all 3 viruses. When the test results for the youngest age group (0-9 years) were compared with those for all the other age groups combined (10-99 years), the proportion of positive cases was highest for the youngest age group (P<.001). There were significant seasonal trends for all 3 viruses. Multivariate analysis of norovirus showed that season, source, sex, and age were significant predictors of a positive test result. Multivariate analysis of rotavirus showed that season and source were significant predictors of a positive test result. Multivariate analysis of adenovirus showed that season and age were significant predictors of a positive test result.
We conclude (1) that these 3 viruses are common causes of gastroenteritis in Charleston, West Virginia; (2) that infants and young children are more likely to test positive for these viruses than are older individuals; (3) that norovirus was the most common cause of gastroenteritis; and (4) that there are seasonal trends for all 3 viruses.
描述与直肠拭子或粪便样本诺如病毒、轮状病毒或腺病毒阳性相关的因素。
回顾性研究。
西弗吉尼亚州查尔斯顿地区医学中心，一个地区性的学术医疗中心。
从疑似患有病毒性肠胃炎的患者中采集直肠拭子或粪便样本。这些样本于 2007 年被送往查尔斯顿地区医学中心病毒学实验室进行检测。直肠拭子和粪便样本中的病毒抗原通过使用市售的针对每种病毒的免疫检测试剂盒进行检测。从病毒学实验室数据库中提取了以下为期 1 年的数据：2007 年 1 月 1 日至 2007 年 12 月 31 日。必要时，从患者的电子行政数据中获取额外信息。
共有 2867 份直肠拭子和粪便样本可用于病毒检测。其中 1261 份（44%）样本病毒检测阳性。在这些阳性样本中，972 份（77%）为诺如病毒阳性，182 份（14%）为轮状病毒阳性，110 份（9%）为腺病毒阳性。年龄最小的患者中，所有 3 种病毒的检测结果阳性率最高。将年龄最小的患者（0-9 岁）的检测结果与所有其他年龄组（10-99 岁）的检测结果进行比较，最小年龄组的阳性病例比例最高（P<.001）。所有 3 种病毒均呈现明显的季节性趋势。对诺如病毒的多变量分析表明，季节、来源、性别和年龄是阳性检测结果的显著预测因素。对轮状病毒的多变量分析表明，季节和来源是阳性检测结果的显著预测因素。对腺病毒的多变量分析表明，季节和年龄是阳性检测结果的显著预测因素。
我们的结论是（1）这些病毒是西弗吉尼亚州查尔斯顿地区肠胃炎的常见病因；（2）婴儿和幼儿比年长个体更有可能检测出这些病毒阳性；（3）诺如病毒是肠胃炎最常见的病因；（4）所有 3 种病毒均存在季节性趋势。
