Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
Metabolism. 2011 Apr;60(4):467-73. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.007. Epub 2010 May 23.
Variation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ gene alters the risk for adiposity in adults, with evidence of interaction with diet. We investigated the age-related association between the Pro12Ala variant (rs1801282) and diet in obesity-related traits in children. The Pro12Ala variant was assayed in 2102 young children aged 1 to 6 years and in 794 periadolescent children aged 10 to 12 years of Greek origin. In both cohorts, no differences were found in obesity traits between the Ala allele carriers and Pro/Pro homozygotes. Sex-stratified analysis showed that, in periadolescent boys, Ala carriers exhibited lower measures of skinfolds (triceps: 16.9 ± 6.9 vs 19.4 ± 7.9 mm, P = .01; subscapular: 9.6 ± 4.5 vs 11.2 ± 5.4 mm, P = .02). On the other hand, young girls who were Ala carriers presented higher measures of triceps skinfold thickness (10.5 ± 3.0 vs 9.9 ± 2.8 mm, P = .04). Nominal gene-diet interactions were revealed in periadolescents for saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and skinfolds (P for interaction = .05). In Pro/Pro homozygous young girls, SFA and total fat (TF) intake was positively associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (P = .01), waist circumference (P = .02), and skinfold thickness (triceps-SFA: P = 10⁻⁵, triceps-TF: P = 10⁻⁹, subscapular-SFA: P = 10⁻⁶, subscapular-TF: P = 10⁻⁴). For Pro/Pro homozygotes, unsaturated fat intake was inversely associated with BMI (P = .04) in young girls, and with BMI (P = .03), waist circumference (P = .03), and triceps (P = .02) in periadolescent boys. Our results suggest that adiposity in children is influenced by the Pro12Ala polymorphism in a sex-specific and age-dependent manner. We also demonstrate evidence of an age-dependent gene-diet (SFA, TF) interaction, suggesting that the type of fat intake modifies the effect of the Pro12 allele on obesity-related measures.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 基因的变异会改变成年人肥胖的风险，并且有证据表明这种风险与饮食相互作用。我们研究了 Pro12Ala 变体（rs1801282）与希腊裔儿童肥胖相关特征的年龄相关性以及与饮食的相互作用。在两个队列中，即年龄为 1 至 6 岁的 2102 名幼儿和年龄为 10 至 12 岁的 794 名青春期前儿童，都没有发现 Ala 等位基因携带者和 Pro/Pro 纯合子之间在肥胖特征上存在差异。性别分层分析显示，在青春期前男孩中，Ala 携带者的皮褶厚度较低（三头肌：16.9 ± 6.9 与 19.4 ± 7.9mm，P =.01；肩胛下：9.6 ± 4.5 与 11.2 ± 5.4mm，P =.02）。另一方面，Ala 携带者的青春期前女孩的三头肌皮褶厚度更高（10.5 ± 3.0 与 9.9 ± 2.8mm，P =.04）。在青春期前儿童中，我们发现了关于饱和脂肪酸（SFA）摄入和皮褶的名义性基因-饮食相互作用（P 交互作用 =.05）。在 Pro/Pro 纯合子的青春期前年轻女孩中，SFA 和总脂肪（TF）的摄入与更高的体重指数（BMI）（P =.01）、腰围（P =.02）和皮褶厚度（三头肌-SFA：P = 10⁻⁵，三头肌-TF：P = 10⁻⁹，肩胛下-SFA：P = 10⁻⁶，肩胛下-TF：P = 10⁻⁴）呈正相关。对于 Pro/Pro 纯合子，不饱和脂肪的摄入与青春期前年轻女孩的 BMI（P =.04）呈负相关，与青春期前男孩的 BMI（P =.03）、腰围（P =.03）和三头肌（P =.02）呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明，儿童肥胖受到 Pro12Ala 多态性的影响，这种影响具有性别特异性和年龄依赖性。我们还证明了年龄依赖性基因-饮食（SFA、TF）相互作用的证据，这表明脂肪摄入的类型会改变 Pro12 等位基因对肥胖相关指标的影响。
