Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jun 24;6(6):e1000825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000825.
Fundamental properties of phasic firing neurons are usually characterized in a noise-free condition. In the absence of noise, phasic neurons exhibit Class 3 excitability, which is a lack of repetitive firing to steady current injections. For time-varying inputs, phasic neurons are band-pass filters or slope detectors, because they do not respond to inputs containing exclusively low frequencies or shallow slopes. However, we show that in noisy conditions, response properties of phasic neuron models are distinctly altered. Noise enables a phasic model to encode low-frequency inputs that are outside of the response range of the associated deterministic model. Interestingly, this seemingly stochastic-resonance (SR) like effect differs significantly from the classical SR behavior of spiking systems in both the signal-to-noise ratio and the temporal response pattern. Instead of being most sensitive to the peak of a subthreshold signal, as is typical in a classical SR system, phasic models are most sensitive to the signal's rising and falling phases where the slopes are steep. This finding is consistent with the fact that there is not an absolute input threshold in terms of amplitude; rather, a response threshold is more properly defined as a stimulus slope/frequency. We call the encoding of low-frequency signals with noise by phasic models a slope-based SR, because noise can lower or diminish the slope threshold for ramp stimuli. We demonstrate here similar behaviors in three mechanistic models with Class 3 excitability in the presence of slow-varying noise and we suggest that the slope-based SR is a fundamental behavior associated with general phasic properties rather than with a particular biological mechanism.
相位放电神经元的基本特性通常在无噪声条件下进行描述。在没有噪声的情况下,相位神经元表现出第三类兴奋性,即对稳定的电流注入没有重复放电。对于时变输入,相位神经元是带通滤波器或斜率检测器,因为它们对仅包含低频或浅斜率的输入没有响应。然而,我们表明,在噪声条件下,相位神经元模型的响应特性会发生明显改变。噪声使相位模型能够对关联确定性模型的响应范围之外的低频输入进行编码。有趣的是,这种看似随机共振(SR)的效应与尖峰系统的经典 SR 行为在信噪比和时间响应模式上有很大的不同。与经典 SR 系统中典型的情况相反,相位模型对信号的上升和下降阶段最敏感,而不是对亚阈值信号的峰值最敏感,在这些阶段斜率很陡。这一发现与这样一个事实是一致的,即从幅度方面来看,不存在绝对输入阈值;相反,响应阈值更恰当地定义为刺激斜率/频率。我们将相位模型用噪声对低频信号的编码称为基于斜率的 SR,因为噪声可以降低或减小斜坡刺激的斜率阈值。我们在这里展示了在存在缓慢变化噪声的情况下,三个具有第三类兴奋性的机制模型中类似的行为,并提出基于斜率的 SR 是与一般相位特性相关的基本行为,而不是与特定的生物机制相关。
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