State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Sci China Life Sci. 2010 Apr;53(4):409-15. doi: 10.1007/s11427-010-0092-6. Epub 2010 May 7.
A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gynogenesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new variety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals.
雌雄同体物种通常与多倍体有关，并通过孤雌生殖、杂种发生或单性生殖等单性生殖方式繁殖。与其他雌雄同体和多倍体物种相比，银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）具有更高的六倍体倍性水平。它经历了几轮连续的基因组多倍体化，并经历了额外的、更近的基因组复制事件。更重要的是，已证实多倍体银鲫存在包括雌核生殖和有性生殖在内的两种繁殖方式。本文综述了多倍体起源、克隆多样性和两性生殖方式的遗传基础，并概述了在生殖和早期发育过程中涉及的新品种培育和基因鉴定的进展。数据表明，银鲫处于二倍体化的进化轨迹中。作为一个新的进化发育生物学（Evo-Devo）模型，这项工作强调了关于重复基因功能分化和脊椎动物有性起源的未来前景。
