Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Neurol Sci. 2011 Jan;31 Suppl 3:283-8. doi: 10.1007/s10072-010-0382-6.
Monoclonal antibodies, first introduced in cancer therapy and to prevent allograft rejection, represent new pharmacological tools for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. With the knowledge of immunological movements in autoimmunity, it is now possible to target each single step of the immune process, from the activation of T lymphocytes in lymph nodes to the formation of the immunological synapse, and to T cell differentiation and cytokine production. However, this approach is still not devoid of adverse effects. In fact, even if monoclonal antibodies exert selective immunomodulation by targeting only cells expressing a specific antigen, a widespread perturbation of the immune system is induced, leading to a predisposition for infections and infestations and to the occurrence of tumours.
单克隆抗体最初被引入癌症治疗和预防同种异体移植排斥反应，是治疗自身免疫性疾病的新的药理学工具。随着对自身免疫中免疫运动的了解，现在可以针对免疫过程的每一个单一步骤进行靶向治疗，从淋巴结中 T 淋巴细胞的激活到免疫突触的形成，以及 T 细胞分化和细胞因子的产生。然而，这种方法并非没有不良反应。事实上，即使单克隆抗体通过仅靶向表达特定抗原的细胞来进行选择性免疫调节，也会引起免疫系统的广泛紊乱，导致感染和寄生虫病的易感性增加，并引发肿瘤。
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