Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2010 Aug;37(8):469-75. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e7104d.
Recent US national efforts taken to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have emphasized HIV case-finding, including partner services (PS).
We collected data on HIV PS procedures and outcomes in 2006 from health departments in US metropolitan areas with the highest number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and primary and secondary syphilis, and compared our results with the data collected through a similar study carried out in 2001.
Of the 71 eligible jurisdictions, 51 (72%) participated in this study. In 2006, health departments interviewed 11,270 (43%) of the 26,185 persons with newly reported HIV, which was an increase from the 32% reported in 2001 (P < 0.01). Among 10,498 potentially exposed partners, 2228 (21%) had been previously diagnosed with HIV, 803 (8%) were newly HIV-diagnosed, 3337 (32%) tested HIV-negative, and 4130 (39%) were not successfully notified, were notified but refused HIV testing and denied previous diagnosis, or did not have an outcome recorded. Combining data from all jurisdictions, public health staff needed to interview 13.6 persons with HIV to identify one new case of infection; this number was unchanged from 2001 (13.8; P = 0.75).
In the United States, the proportion of persons diagnosed with HIV receiving PS has increased since 2001, whereas HIV case-finding yields have remained stable. Despite this, most people newly diagnosed with HIV still do not receive PS.
最近美国为预防人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染所做的全国性努力强调了 HIV 病例发现,包括伙伴服务(PS)。
我们收集了 2006 年美国大都市地区卫生部门关于 HIV PS 程序和结果的数据,这些地区的艾滋病、淋病、衣原体感染、原发性和继发性梅毒病例数最多,并将我们的结果与 2001 年进行的类似研究中收集的数据进行了比较。
在 71 个符合条件的司法管辖区中,有 51 个(72%)参与了这项研究。2006 年,卫生部门对新报告的 26185 例 HIV 感染者中的 11270 例(43%)进行了访谈,比 2001 年报告的 32%有所增加(P < 0.01)。在 10498 名潜在暴露的伴侣中,2228 名(21%)以前被诊断患有 HIV,803 名(8%)新诊断为 HIV,3337 名(32%)HIV 检测呈阴性,4130 名(39%)未成功通知,通知后拒绝 HIV 检测和否认以前的诊断,或未记录结果。将所有司法管辖区的数据合并后,公共卫生工作人员需要对 13.6 名 HIV 感染者进行访谈,才能发现一例新的感染病例;这一数字与 2001 年相同(13.8;P = 0.75)。
在美国,自 2001 年以来,接受 PS 的 HIV 感染者比例有所增加,而 HIV 病例发现率保持稳定。尽管如此,大多数新诊断出的 HIV 感染者仍未接受 PS。