3,4,5-Trinitropyrazole-based energetic salts.

High-density energetic salts that are comprised of nitrogen-rich cations and the 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate anion were synthesized in high yield by neutralization or metathesis reactions. The resulting salts were fully characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR, and IR spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry; and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of the 3,5-diaminotriazolium and triaminoguanidinium 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolates were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on the measured densities and calculated heats of formation, the detonation performances (pressure: 23.74-31.89 GPa; velocity: 7586-8543 ms(-1); Cheetah 5.0) of the 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate salts are comparable with 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB; 31.15 GPa and 8114 ms(-1)). Impact sensitivities were determined to be no less than 35 J by hammer tests, which places these salts in the insensitive class.