Management of common psittacine reproductive disorders in clinical practice.

The reproductive organs play a key role in the maintenance of normal homeostasis in psittacine birds. For this reason, sex determination should be part of the baseline data collected on every avian patient. Disorders of the psittacine reproductive tract can have a negative effect on the function of other organ systems in the body. Reproductive organs may be plagued by a multitude of problems ranging from infection and neoplasia to inflammation and idiopathic issues that affect fertility. Detection of reproductive problems may require the use of a variety of modalities. The ability to treat these problems often depends on the presenting complaint as well as the clinical condition of the avian patient. Different reproductive disorders of male and female psittacine birds, with their detection and treatment are discussed in this article.