Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J R Soc Interface. 2011 Mar 6;8(56):410-22. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0316. Epub 2010 Aug 4.
Knowledge about the settlement of marine organisms on substrates is important for the development of environmentally benign new methods for control of marine biofouling. The adhesion to substrates by spores of Undaria pinnatifida, a kelp species that is invasive to several countries, was studied by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies (SEM/TEM) as well as by in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The IR spectra showed that adhesive secretion began approximately 15 min after initial settlement and that the adhesive bulk material contained protein and anionic polysaccharides. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the adhesive identified sulphur and phosphorus as well as calcium and magnesium ions, which facilitate the gelation of the anionic polysaccharides in the sea water. The adhesive may be secreted from Golgi bodies in the spore, which were imaged by TEM of spore thin sections. Additionally, an in situ settlement study on TiO(2) particle film by ATR-IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of phosphorylated moieties directly binding the substrate. The presence of anionic groups dominating the adhesive suggests that inhibition of spore adhesion will be favoured by negatively charged surfaces.
关于海洋生物在基质上定居的知识对于开发环境友好型的新方法来控制海洋生物附着至关重要。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜（SEM/TEM）以及原位衰减全反射红外光谱（ATR-IR）对入侵到多个国家的海带物种裙带菜孢子在基质上的附着进行了研究。IR 光谱表明，附着分泌大约在初始附着后 15 分钟开始，并且附着的大块材料含有蛋白质和阴离子多糖。对附着物的能量色散 X 射线微分析鉴定出了硫和磷以及钙和镁离子，这些离子有助于海水中阴离子多糖的胶凝。附着物可能是从孢子中的高尔基体中分泌出来的，通过孢子薄片的 TEM 可以观察到高尔基体。此外，通过 ATR-IR 光谱对 TiO2 粒子膜的原位附着研究表明，存在直接与基质结合的磷酸化部分。附着物中阴离子基团占主导地位表明，带负电荷的表面有利于抑制孢子附着。
