Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2010;90:48-62. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7742(10)90004-4.
Neuroimaging techniques have substantially progressed over the past several years. These developments have provided new information about the degenerative processes involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). Functional imaging approaches such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) have been successfully employed to detect dopaminergic dysfunction in PD, even in preclinical stages. Myocardial scintigraphy with (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) has been used to assess cardiac sympathetic function, and recent studies have revealed that the cardiac uptake of MIBG is significantly reduced in patients with PD and Lewy body dementia. In addition, substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity, detected with transcranial sonography (TCS), might provide a marker of susceptibility to PD. We briefly review data regarding the clinical significance of these functional imaging studies in the diagnosis of PD, and discuss the diagnostic potential of the combining TCS of the SN with other functional imaging tools.
神经影像学技术在过去几年中取得了实质性的进展。这些发展为帕金森病（PD）中涉及的退行性过程提供了新的信息。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）等功能成像方法已成功用于检测 PD 中的多巴胺能功能障碍，甚至在临床前阶段也是如此。用 (123)I-间碘苄胍 ((123)I-MIBG) 进行心肌闪烁显像已被用于评估心脏交感神经功能，最近的研究表明，PD 和路易体痴呆患者的 MIBG 摄取明显减少。此外，经颅超声（TCS）检测到的黑质（SN）高回声可能是 PD 易感性的标志物。我们简要回顾了这些功能影像学研究在 PD 诊断中的临床意义的数据，并讨论了将 SN 的 TCS 与其他功能影像学工具相结合的诊断潜力。
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