Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Can J Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;55(7):464-72. doi: 10.1177/070674371005500710.
To systematically review the literature on the association between deployment to a peacekeeping mission and distress, mental disorders, and suicide.
Peer-reviewed English publications were found through key word searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase, and by contacting authors in the field. Sixty-eight articles were included in this review.
Some studies have found higher levels of postdeployment distress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Most studies have not shown an increased risk of suicide in former peacekeepers. Correlates of distress and PTSD symptoms included level of exposure to traumatic events during deployment, number of deployments, predeployment personality traits or disorder, and postdeployment stressors. Perceived meaningfulness of the mission, postdeployment social supports, and positive perception of homecoming were associated with lower likelihood of distress.
Most peacekeepers do not develop high levels of distress or symptoms of PTSD. As postdeployment distress is consistently shown to be associated with high levels of exposure to combat during deployment, targeted interventions for peacekeepers who have been exposed to high levels of combat should be considered.
系统回顾关于部署到维和任务与痛苦、精神障碍和自杀之间关联的文献。
通过在 MEDLINE、PsycINFO、Scopus 和 Embase 中进行关键词搜索，并与该领域的作者联系，找到了同行评审的英文出版物。本综述纳入了 68 篇文章。
一些研究发现，部署后痛苦和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的水平较高。大多数研究并未表明前维和人员的自杀风险增加。痛苦和 PTSD 症状的相关因素包括部署期间暴露于创伤性事件的程度、部署次数、部署前的人格特质或障碍，以及部署后的压力源。对任务的意义感知、部署后的社会支持以及对返乡的积极看法与较低的痛苦可能性相关。
大多数维和人员不会出现高水平的痛苦或 PTSD 症状。由于部署后痛苦一直与战斗中高暴露率相关，因此应考虑针对接触过高强度战斗的维和人员进行有针对性的干预。
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