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构建并应用在 FAS2 基因上具有纯合突变的二倍体清酒酵母。

The construction and application of diploid sake yeast with a homozygous mutation in the FAS2 gene.

机构信息

Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 101 Shimotoba-koyanagi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8385, Japan.

出版信息

J Biosci Bioeng. 2010 Dec;110(6):675-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.07.007. Epub 2010 Aug 12.

Abstract

In Japanese sake brewing, cerulenin-resistant sake yeasts produce elevated levels of ethyl caproate, an important flavor component. The FAS2 mutation FAS2-1250S of Saccharomyces cerevisiae generates a cerulenin-resistant phenotype. This mutation is dominant, and, in general, cerulenin-resistant diploid sake yeast strains carry this mutation heterozygously. Here we constructed diploid sake yeast with a homozygous mutation of FAS2 using the high-efficiency loss of heterozygosity method. The homozygous mutants grew more slowly in YPD medium than did the wild-type and heterozygous mutants, and they produced more ethyl caproate during sake brewing. In addition, although both the wild-type and heterozygous mutant were sensitive to 4 mg/l cerulenin, the homozygous mutant was resistant to more than 4 mg/l cerulenin. Next, we obtained a homozygous mutant of FAS2 without inducing genetic modification. After cultivating the heterozygous FAS2 mutant K-1801 in YPD, homozygous mutants were selected on medium containing high concentrations of cerulenin. Non-genetically modified yeast with a homozygous mutation of FAS2 produced 2.2-fold more ethyl caproate than did heterozygous yeast. Moreover, high-quality Japanese sake with a very rich flavor could be brewed using yeast containing a homozygous mutation in the FAS2 gene.

摘要

在日本清酒酿造中,抗 Cerulenin 的清酒酵母会产生更高水平的己酸乙酯,这是一种重要的风味成分。酿酒酵母的 FAS2 突变 FAS2-1250S 产生抗 Cerulenin 的表型。这种突变是显性的,通常情况下,抗 Cerulenin 的二倍体清酒酵母菌株都是杂合携带这种突变的。在这里,我们使用高效的杂合丢失方法构建了 FAS2 纯合突变的二倍体清酒酵母。与野生型和杂合突变体相比,纯合突变体在 YPD 培养基中的生长速度较慢,在清酒酿造过程中产生更多的己酸乙酯。此外,尽管野生型和杂合突变体都对 4mg/L 的 Cerulenin 敏感,但纯合突变体对超过 4mg/L 的 Cerulenin 具有抗性。接下来,我们在没有诱导遗传修饰的情况下获得了 FAS2 的纯合突变体。在 YPD 中培养杂合 FAS2 突变体 K-1801 后,在含有高浓度 Cerulenin 的培养基上选择纯合突变体。非遗传修饰的具有 FAS2 纯合突变的酵母产生的己酸乙酯比杂合酵母多 2.2 倍。此外,使用含有 FAS2 基因突变的酵母可以酿造出具有非常浓郁风味的高品质日本清酒。

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