Xenobiotics Research Unity, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, The Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Brazil.
Microb Pathog. 2010 Dec;49(6):315-22. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.07.007. Epub 2010 Aug 12.
The phenotypic pressure exerted by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on autochthonous and pathogenic microbiota remains sparsely known. In this study, we investigated if some NSAIDs increment or diminish the secretion of aspartyl-proteases (Sap) by Candida albicans grown under different phenotypes and oxygen availability using a set of SAP knock-out mutants and other set for genes (EFG1 and CPH1) that codify transcription factors involved in filamentation and protease secretion. Pre-conditioned cells were grown under planktonic and biofilm phenotypes, in normoxia and anoxia, in the presence of plasma concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, indomethacin, nimesulide, piroxicam, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen. For diclofenac, indomethacin, nimesulide, and piroxicam the secretion rates of Sap by SAP1-6, EFG1, and CPH1 mutants were similar or, even, inferior to parental wild-type strain. This suggests that neither Sap 1-6 isoenzymes nor Efg1/Cph1 pathways may be entirely responsible for protease release when exposed to these NSAIDs. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen enhanced Sap secretion rates in three environmental conditions (normoxic biofilm, normoxic planktonic and anoxic planktonic). In other hand, aspirin seems to reduce the Sap-related pathogenic behavior of candidal biofilms. Modulation of Sap activity may occur according to candidal phenotypic state, oxygen availability, and type of NSAID to which the cells are exposed.
非甾体抗炎药 (NSAIDs) 对本土和病原微生物群施加的表型压力知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们研究了一些 NSAIDs 是否会增加或减少不同表型和氧气供应下白念珠菌分泌天冬氨酸蛋白酶 (Sap) 的情况,使用了一组 Sap 敲除突变体和其他一组编码与丝状和蛋白酶分泌有关的转录因子的基因 (EFG1 和 CPH1)。预处理细胞在浮游生物和生物膜表型下、在常氧和缺氧条件下、在血浆浓度的乙酰水杨酸、双氯芬酸、吲哚美辛、尼美舒利、吡罗昔康、布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚存在下生长。对于双氯芬酸、吲哚美辛、尼美舒利和吡罗昔康,Sap1-6、EFG1 和 CPH1 突变体的 Sap 分泌率与亲本野生型菌株相似,甚至更低。这表明,当暴露于这些 NSAIDs 时,Sap 1-6 同工酶或 Efg1/Cph1 途径可能都不完全负责蛋白酶的释放。布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚在三种环境条件下(常氧生物膜、常氧浮游生物和缺氧浮游生物)均增加 Sap 分泌率。另一方面,阿司匹林似乎降低了念珠菌生物膜的 Sap 相关致病行为。Sap 活性的调节可能根据念珠菌的表型状态、氧气供应和细胞暴露的 NSAID 类型而发生。