Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
Womens Health Issues. 2010 Sep;20(5):323-8. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2010.06.003.
We sought to explore racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a population-based sample.
Data from the Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a stratified, random sample of postpartum women who delivered in Oregon in 2004 and 2005 (n = 3,883; weighted response rate, 75.2%) and linked birth certificates were analyzed. Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women were oversampled. We categorized women as having had GDM if they gave an affirmative answer on the birth certificate or the PRAMS survey.
Non-Hispanic API women had the highest prevalence of GDM (14.8%); this was true for women with both a normal and a high body mass index (BMI). Asian women were more likely to have had GDM than Pacific Islander women. On multivariate analysis, non-Hispanic APIs were significantly more likely to have a pregnancy complicated by GDM (adjusted odds ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-4.13) than non-Hispanic White women.
Non-Hispanic API women, especially Asian women with both normal and high BMI, have increased risk of GDM. Future research should examine the unique risk factors experienced by Asians and health practitioners should be vigilant in screening for GDM regardless of BMI.
我们旨在探讨基于人群的样本中，妊娠糖尿病（GDM）在不同种族/民族之间的流行率差异。
对俄勒冈州妊娠风险评估监测系统（PRAMS）的数据进行分析，该系统是一个分层、随机抽取的 2004 年和 2005 年在俄勒冈州分娩的产后妇女样本（n=3883；加权应答率为 75.2%），并与出生证明进行了关联。西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔美洲印第安人和非西班牙裔亚裔/太平洋岛民（API）妇女被过度抽样。如果她们在出生证明或 PRAMS 调查中给出了肯定的回答，我们将妇女归类为患有 GDM。
非西班牙裔 API 妇女的 GDM 患病率最高（14.8%）；这对于 BMI 正常和高的妇女都是如此。亚洲妇女比太平洋岛民妇女更有可能患有 GDM。在多变量分析中，非西班牙裔 API 妇女患有 GDM 并发症的可能性明显高于非西班牙裔白人妇女（调整后的优势比，2.26；95%置信区间，1.23-4.13）。
非西班牙裔 API 妇女，尤其是 BMI 正常和高的亚洲妇女，患有 GDM 的风险增加。未来的研究应该检查亚洲人所经历的独特风险因素，并且医疗保健提供者无论 BMI 如何，都应该警惕地筛查 GDM。
