J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2011 Jan;48(1):23-34. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.08.008. Epub 2010 Aug 31.
Fungi share a diverse co-evolutionary history with animals, especially arthropods. In this review, we focus on the role of secondary metabolism in driving antagonistic arthropod-fungus interactions, i.e., where fungi serve as a food source to fungal grazers, compete with saprophagous insects, and attack insects as hosts for growth and reproduction. Although a wealth of studies on animal-fungus interactions point to a crucial role of secondary metabolites in deterring animal feeding and resisting immune defense strategies, causal evidence often remains to be provided. Moreover, it still remains an unresolved puzzle as to what extent the tight regulatory control of secondary metabolite formation in some model fungi represents an evolved chemical defense system favored by selective pressure through animal antagonists. Given these gaps in knowledge, we highlight some co-evolutionary aspects of secondary metabolism, such as induced response, volatile signaling, and experimental evolution, which may help in deciphering the ecological importance and evolutionary history of secondary metabolite production in fungi.
真菌与动物（尤其是节肢动物）有着多样化的共同进化历史。在这篇综述中，我们专注于次生代谢物在驱动真菌与节肢动物拮抗相互作用方面的作用，即真菌作为真菌捕食者的食物来源，与腐生昆虫竞争，并以昆虫为宿主进行生长和繁殖。尽管大量关于动物-真菌相互作用的研究指出次生代谢物在阻止动物取食和抵抗免疫防御策略方面起着至关重要的作用，但往往需要提供因果证据。此外，通过动物拮抗物的选择性压力，一些模式真菌中次生代谢物形成的严格调控控制在多大程度上代表了一种有利的进化化学防御系统，这仍然是一个未解决的难题。鉴于这些知识空白，我们强调了次生代谢物的一些共同进化方面，如诱导反应、挥发性信号和实验进化，这可能有助于破译真菌次生代谢产物产生的生态重要性和进化历史。
