Master of Oral Surgery and Orofacial Implantology program, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Spain.
J Am Dent Assoc. 2010 Sep;141(9):1076-85. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0336.
The authors present six cases of mandibular condyle malformation. They also conducted a literature review of bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) to analyze the various hypotheses that have been made regarding the etiopathogenesis of this entity. Type of Studies Reviewed. The authors searched the PubMed database for all instances of BMC and similar anatomical alterations, and they included non-English-language published reports. The inclusion criterion was the presence of a multilobular mandibular condyle.
Mandibular condyle may manifest in different anatomical forms; bilobular is the most common, although triple lobular morphology also has been observed. A congenital origin has been suggested as the primary cause. In addition, trauma may alter the growth of the condylar cartilage, inducing an anatomical defect. However, the majority of participants in this study had no history of trauma. The authors reviewed a total of 198 cases in study participants and cadavers.
In the absence of traumatic antecedents or other alterations of the temporomandibular joint, the presence of a BMC may be associated with developmental anomalies.
作者呈现了六例下颌骨髁突畸形病例。他们还对分叉状下颌骨髁突（BMC）进行了文献回顾，以分析针对该实体病因发病机制提出的各种假说。
作者在 PubMed 数据库中搜索了所有 BMC 和类似解剖结构改变的病例，并纳入了非英语发表的报告。纳入标准是存在多小叶状下颌骨髁突。
下颌骨髁突可能以不同的解剖形态表现出来；双叶是最常见的，尽管三叶形态也有观察到。先天性起源被认为是主要原因。此外，创伤可能会改变髁突软骨的生长，导致解剖缺陷。然而，本研究的大多数参与者都没有创伤史。作者总共在研究参与者和尸体中回顾了 198 例病例。
在没有创伤史或其他颞下颌关节改变的情况下，BMC 的存在可能与发育异常有关。
