儿童和成人对演绎推理、归纳推理和猜测的确定性判断。

Children's and adults' judgments of the certainty of deductive inferences, inductive inferences, and guesses.

作者信息

Pillow Bradford H, Pearson Raeanne M, Hecht Mary, Bremer Amanda

机构信息

Northern Illinois University, Department of Psychology, Room 400, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA.

出版信息

J Genet Psychol. 2010 Jul-Sep;171(3):203-17. doi: 10.1080/00221320903300403.

DOI:10.1080/00221320903300403

PMID:20836430

Abstract

Children and adults rated their own certainty following inductive inferences, deductive inferences, and guesses. Beginning in kindergarten, participants rated deductions as more certain than weak inductions or guesses. Deductions were rated as more certain than strong inductions beginning in Grade 3, and fourth-grade children and adults differentiated strong inductions, weak inductions, and informed guesses from pure guesses. By Grade 3, participants also gave different types of explanations for their deductions and inductions. These results are discussed in relation to children's concepts of cognitive processes, logical reasoning, and epistemological development.

摘要

儿童和成人在进行归纳推理、演绎推理和猜测后，对自己的确定程度进行了评级。从幼儿园开始，参与者就认为演绎推理比弱归纳推理或猜测更具确定性。从三年级开始，演绎推理被认为比强归纳推理更具确定性，四年级的儿童和成年人能够区分强归纳推理、弱归纳推理以及有根据的猜测和纯粹的猜测。到三年级时，参与者对他们的演绎推理和归纳推理也给出了不同类型的解释。本文将结合儿童对认知过程、逻辑推理和认识论发展的概念来讨论这些结果。