Transplant Research Center 'Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi', Department of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, Ospedali Riuniti-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy.
Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2010 Dec;15(6):731-7. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e328340172c.
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess powerful immunomodulatory activity highlighting the potential for their clinical translation in solid organ transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding MSC immunomodulatory effect in vitro and in experimental transplant models and discuss topics of crucial importance for the future clinical use of MSCs as immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation.
MSCs strongly inhibited T-cell activity in vitro and exerted similar inhibitory effects on other cells of the immune system. MSC-mediated immune suppression has been attributed mainly to the secretion of soluble factors; however, cell-contact mechanisms cannot be excluded. Available studies in animal transplant models raised variable results, but overall indicate that MSCs could be useful to modulate recipient immune cells. The timing of cell application and the origin of MSCs (autologous or allogeneic) seem to be the most crucial factors impacting the in-vivo efficacy of MSCs.
A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs in vitro and in vivo is needed to define the optimal condition for the use of MSCs as immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation.
多能间充质基质细胞（MSCs）具有强大的免疫调节活性，突出了其在实体器官移植中临床转化的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近在理解 MSC 体外免疫调节作用以及实验性移植模型方面的进展，并讨论了对于未来将 MSCs 作为免疫疗法用于实体器官移植的关键问题。
MSCs 在体外强烈抑制 T 细胞活性，并对免疫系统的其他细胞产生类似的抑制作用。MSC 介导的免疫抑制主要归因于可溶性因子的分泌；然而，不能排除细胞接触机制。动物移植模型中的现有研究结果不同，但总体表明 MSCs 可能有助于调节受者免疫细胞。细胞应用的时间和 MSCs 的来源（自体或同种异体）似乎是影响 MSCs 体内疗效的最关键因素。
需要更好地了解 MSCs 在体外和体内的免疫调节作用的机制，以确定将 MSCs 作为免疫疗法用于实体器官移植的最佳条件。
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