Accelerating glycolytic flux of Torulopsis glabrata CCTCC M202019 at high oxidoreduction potential created using potassium ferricyanide.

This study aimed to increase the glycolytic flux of the multivitamin auxotrophic yeast Torulopsis glabrata by redirecting NADH oxidation from oxidative phosphorylation to membrane-bound ferric reductase. We added potassium ferricyanide as electron acceptor to T. glabrata culture broth at 20% dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which resulted in: (1) decreases in the NADH content, NADH/NAD(+) ratio, and ATP level of 45.3%, 60.3%, and 15.2%, respectively; (2) high activities of the key glycolytic enzymes hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, as well as high expression levels of the genes encoding these enzymes; and (3) increases in the specific glucose consumption rate and pyruvate yield of T. glabrata was by 45.5% and 23.1%, respectively. Our results showed that membrane-bound ferric reductase offers an alternative and efficient NADH oxidation pathway at lower DO concentration, which increases the glycolytic flux of T. glabrata.