Tanaka Takuji, Tanaka Mayu, Tanaka Takahiro, Ishigamori Rikako
The Tohkai Cytopathology Institute: Cancer Research and Prevention (TCI-CaRP), 5-1-2 Minami- Uzura, Gifu 500-8285, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Sep 13;11(9):3209-25. doi: 10.3390/ijms11093209.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common epithelial malignancy in the world. Since CRC develops slowly from removable precancerous lesions, detection of the lesion at an early stage by regular health examinations can reduce the incidence and mortality of this malignancy. Colonoscopy significantly improves the detection rate of CRC, but the examination is expensive and inconvenient. Therefore, we need novel biomarkers that are non-invasive to enable us to detect CRC quite early. A number of validation studies have been conducted to evaluate genetic, epigenetic or protein markers for identification in the stool and/or serum. Currently, the fecal occult blood test is the most widely used method of screening for CRC. However, advances in genomics and proteomics will lead to the discovery of novel non-invasive biomarkers.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三常见的上皮性恶性肿瘤。由于CRC从可切除的癌前病变缓慢发展而来，通过定期健康检查在早期检测病变可降低这种恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率。结肠镜检查显著提高了CRC的检出率，但该检查费用昂贵且不便。因此，我们需要非侵入性的新型生物标志物，以便能够尽早检测出CRC。已经进行了多项验证研究，以评估用于在粪便和/或血清中识别的遗传、表观遗传或蛋白质标志物。目前，粪便潜血试验是CRC最广泛使用的筛查方法。然而，基因组学和蛋白质组学的进展将导致新型非侵入性生物标志物的发现。
