Tranexamic acid partially improves platelet function in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy.

BACKGROUND

Although the impact of tranexamic acid on platelet function remains controversial, tranexamic acid is part of clinical algorithms for the management of platelet dysfunction. The goal of our prospective, observational study was to examine the effects of tranexamic acid on platelet function in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy compared to those who ceased antiplatelet therapy for at least 7 days.

METHODS

Forty patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients who ceased antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel at least 7 days before surgery. Group 2 consisted of 20 patients who were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel until the day before surgery. Using the Multiplate device (Dynabyte, Munich, Germany), multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) was performed following platelet stimulation with thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6), arachidonic acid or ADP on blood collected 20 min before and after application of 2 g tranexamic acid.

RESULTS

Compared with group 1, platelet aggregation was statistically significantly reduced in ASPItest and ADPtest in group 2, whereas there were no significant differences in the TRAPtest. In group 1, platelet aggregation did not differ significantly before and after tranexamic acid treatment. In contrast, in group 2, we observed a significant increase in arachidonic acid-induced [295 (280/470) arbitrary aggregation units × min [AUmin; median (25th/75th percentile) vs. 214 (83/409) AUmin, P = 0.01] and ADP-induced platelet aggregation [560 AUmin (400/760 AUmin) vs. 470 AUmin (282/550 AUmin), P = 0.013], whereas platelet aggregation following stimulation with TRAP-6 did not change significantly [980 (877/1009) AUmin, median (25th/75th percentile) after tranexamic acid vs. 867 (835/961) AUmin before tranexamic acid, P = 0.464].

CONCLUSION

The results of this study indicate that tranexamic acid potentially corrects defects in arachidonic acid-induced and ADP-induced platelet aggregation imposed by dual antiplatelet therapy. However, platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid or ADP in the blood of patients who have not received aspirin and clopidogrel is unaffected by tranexamic acid. These results support the use of tranexamic acid to partially reverse platelet aggregation dysfunction due to antiplatelet therapy.