Department of Rehabilitation AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Rehabil Med. 2010 Nov;42(10):908-15. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0620.
Many polio survivors have symptoms that are known risk factors for falls in elderly people. This study aims to determine the: (i) frequency; (ii) consequences; (iii) circumstances; and (iv) factors associated with falls in polio survivors.
A survey was conducted among 376 polio survivors. Participants completed a falls history questionnaire and additional information was obtained from their medical files.
Of the 305 respondents, 74% reported at least one fall in the past year and 60% two or more. Sixteen percent of fallers described a major injury after a fall in the last year and 69% reported fear of falling. One-third of fallers had reduced the amount they walked because of their fear of falling. Most reported falls in a familiar environment (86%), during ambulation (72%) and in the afternoon (50%). Quadriceps weakness of the weakest leg (Medical Research Council (MRC) ≤ 3), fear of falling and complaints of problems maintaining balance were independently associated with both falls and recurrent falls, while increasing age and medication use were not.
The high rate of falls and consequences thereof, merit the implementation of fall intervention strategies. To maximize effect, they should be tailor-made and target the fall mechanisms specific to polio survivors.
许多脊髓灰质炎幸存者都有一些症状，这些症状是老年人跌倒的已知危险因素。本研究旨在确定：（i）脊髓灰质炎幸存者跌倒的频率；（ii）后果；（iii）情况；以及（iv）相关因素。
对 376 名脊髓灰质炎幸存者进行了一项调查。参与者填写了一份跌倒史问卷，并从他们的病历中获取了额外的信息。
在 305 名应答者中，74%报告在过去一年中至少跌倒过一次，60%报告跌倒过两次或更多次。16%的跌倒者在过去一年中因跌倒而受重伤，69%的跌倒者报告有跌倒恐惧。三分之一的跌倒者因为害怕跌倒而减少了行走量。大多数人在熟悉的环境中（86%）、在行走时（72%）和下午（50%）跌倒。最弱腿的股四头肌无力（医学研究委员会（MRC）≤3）、跌倒恐惧和平衡问题的抱怨与跌倒和复发性跌倒均独立相关，而年龄增长和药物使用则没有。
高跌倒率及其后果值得实施跌倒干预策略。为了最大限度地发挥效果，这些策略应该是定制的，针对脊髓灰质炎幸存者特有的跌倒机制。
