Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2010 Oct;15(4):505-21. doi: 10.1037/a0021003.
Models of emotional labor suggest that emotional labor leads to strain and affects job performance. Although the link between emotional labor, strain, and performance has been well documented in cross-sectional field studies, not much is known about the causal direction of relationships between emotional labor, strain, and performance. Goal of the present study was therefore to test the direction of effects in a two-wave longitudinal panel study using a sample of 151 trainee teachers. Longitudinal lagged effects were tested using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that the emotional labor strategy of surface acting led to increases in subsequent strain while deep acting led to increases in job performance. In contrast, there was no indication of reverse causation: Neither strain nor job performance had a significant lagged effect on subsequent surface or deep acting. Overall, results support models of emotional labor suggesting that surface and deep acting causally precede individual and organizational well-being.
情绪劳动模型表明，情绪劳动会导致紧张，并影响工作表现。尽管横断面实地研究已经充分证明了情绪劳动、紧张和绩效之间的联系，但对于情绪劳动、紧张和绩效之间关系的因果方向知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是使用 151 名职前教师的样本，在一项两波纵向面板研究中检验这些关系的方向。使用结构方程模型检验了纵向滞后效应。结果表明，表面行为的情绪劳动策略会导致随后的紧张感增加，而深度行为则会导致工作绩效的提高。相比之下，没有迹象表明反向因果关系：紧张或工作绩效都没有对随后的表面或深度行为产生显著的滞后影响。总的来说，研究结果支持情绪劳动模型，表明表面行为和深度行为会导致个体和组织的幸福感。
