National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan.
Chemosphere. 2011 Feb;82(7):947-55. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.073. Epub 2010 Nov 13.
Phthalate exposure was found to be associated with endocrine disruption, respiratory effects, reproductive and developmental toxicity. The intensive use of plastics may be increasing the exposure to phthalates in Taiwanese population, particularly for young children. We studied phthalate metabolites in pregnant women and their newborns in a prospective cohort from a medical center in Central Taiwan. One hundred maternal urine samples and 30 paired cord blood and milk samples were randomly selected from all of participants (430 pregnant women). Eleven phthalate metabolites (MEHP, 5OH-MEHP, 2cx-MEHP, 5cx-MEPP, 5oxo-MEHP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, OH-MiNP, oxo-MiNP, and cx-MiNP) representing the exposure to five commonly used phthalates (DEHP, di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), DnBP, BBP, DiNP) were measured in urine of pregnant women, cord serum and breast milk after delivery, and in urine of their children. Exposure was estimated with excretion factors and correlation among metabolites of the same parent compound. Thirty and 59 urinary samples from 2 and 5 years-old children were randomly selected from 185 children successfully followed. Total urinary phthalate metabolite concentration (geometric mean, μg L⁻¹) was found to be higher in 2-years-olds (398.6) and 5-years-olds (333.7) than pregnant women (205.2). Metabolites in urine are mainly from DEHP. The proportion of DiNP metabolites was higher in children urine (4.39 and 8.31%, ages 2 and 5) than in adults (0.83%) (p<0.01). Compared to urinary levels, phthalate metabolite levels are low in cord blood (37.45) and milk (14.90). DEHP metabolite levels in women's urine and their corresponding cord blood are significantly correlated. Compared to other populations in the world, DEHP derived metabolites in maternal urine were higher, while phthalate metabolite levels in milk and cord blood were similar. The level of phthalate metabolites in milk and cord blood were comparable to those found in other populations. Further studies of health effects related to DEHP and DiNP exposure are necessary for the children.
邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与内分泌干扰、呼吸道效应、生殖和发育毒性有关。台湾人对塑料的大量使用可能会增加他们接触邻苯二甲酸酯的机会，尤其是幼儿。我们在台湾中部一家医学中心的前瞻性队列中研究了孕妇及其新生儿的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物。从所有参与者（430 名孕妇）中随机抽取 100 份孕妇尿液样本、30 份脐带血和母乳样本。在孕妇尿液、分娩后脐带血清和母乳以及儿童尿液中测量了 11 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物（MEHP、5OH-MEHP、2cx-MEHP、5cx-MEPP、5oxo-MEHP、MiBP、MnBP、MBzP、OH-MiNP、oxo-MiNP 和 cx-MiNP），这些代谢物代表了对五种常用邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）、DnBP、BBP、DiNP）的暴露。通过排泄因子和同一母体化合物代谢物之间的相关性来估计暴露情况。从 185 名成功随访的儿童中随机抽取 2 岁和 5 岁儿童的 30 和 59 份尿液样本。发现 2 岁儿童（398.6）和 5 岁儿童（333.7）尿液中总邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度（几何平均值，μg/L）高于孕妇（205.2）。尿液中的代谢物主要来自 DEHP。儿童尿液中 DiNP 代谢物的比例（2 岁和 5 岁分别为 4.39%和 8.31%）高于成人（0.83%）（p<0.01）。与尿液水平相比，脐带血（37.45）和母乳（14.90）中的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物水平较低。女性尿液与其相应的脐带血中 DEHP 代谢物水平呈显著相关性。与世界其他人群相比，母体尿液中 DEHP 衍生的代谢物较高，而母乳和脐带血中的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物水平相似。母乳和脐带血中的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物水平与其他人群相当。需要进一步研究 DEHP 和 DiNP 暴露对儿童健康的影响。
