Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs cognitive behaviour therapy as a treatment for non-melancholic depression.

AIM

To examine the comparative effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) as treatments for non-melancholic depression.

METHOD

Participants who met criteria for a current episode of major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to either an 8-week MBCT (n=19) or CBT (n=26) group therapy condition. They were assessed at pre-treatment, 8-week post-group, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

RESULTS

There were significant improvements in pre- to post-group depression and anxiety scores in both treatment conditions and no significant differences between the two treatment conditions. However, significant differences were found when participants in the two treatment conditions were dichotomized into those with a history of four or more episodes of depression vs those with less than four. In the CBT condition, participants with four or more previous episodes of depression demonstrated greater improvements in depression than those with less than four previous episodes. No such differences were found in the MBCT treatment condition. No significant differences in depression or anxiety were found between the two treatment conditions at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

LIMITATIONS

Small sample sizes in each treatment condition, especially at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

MBCT appears to be as effective as CBT in the treatment of current depression. However, CBT participants with four or more previous episodes of depression derived greater benefits at 8-week post-treatment than those with less than four episodes.