Department of Physical Therapy, Medicine & Nursing College, Hungkuang University, 34 Chung-Chie Road Shalu, Tai-Chung County, Taiwan.
Gait Posture. 2011 Jan;33(1):124-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.10.088. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
The purpose of this study was to compare the two-dimensional kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) changes during the squat-to-reach task in older and young adults. Twenty-six older adults and thirty-three young adults were studied. A 16-channel telemetry system was used for recording muscular activity and kinematic data during two trials of a squat-to-reach task. Surface EMG data were recorded on select muscles of the trunk and the lower extremity on the dominant side. An electrogoniometer was fixed over the knee joint, and an inclinometer was fastened on the head and thigh to record kinematic data. The task was split into six movement phases based on the angular displacement and velocities of the knee joint. The mean values of the maximal displacements in the sagittal plane of the head, knee, and thigh were significantly (p<0.05) lower, but those in the frontal plane of the head and thigh were significantly (p<0.05) higher in older adults than in young adults. Thigh muscle activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in older adults than in young adults throughout the movements. The trunk and leg muscles contracted earlier, but the hip adductors contracted later in older adults compared to young adults (p<0.05). The older adults squatted in a shallow and heel-off posture during forward reaching tasks. Therefore, older adults had increased lateral flexion of the head to compensate for insufficient knee flexion during the squat-to-reach movement and required increased activity of the posture muscles to maintain lateral stability.
本研究旨在比较老年人和年轻人在深蹲到伸展任务中的二维运动学和肌电图（EMG）变化。研究了 26 名老年人和 33 名年轻人。使用 16 通道遥测系统记录了两次深蹲到伸展任务中肌肉活动和运动学数据。在优势侧的躯干和下肢选择肌肉上记录表面肌电图数据。在膝关节上固定一个电子测角计，在头部和大腿上固定一个倾斜计以记录运动学数据。根据膝关节的角位移和速度，将任务分为六个运动阶段。老年人的头部、膝盖和大腿矢状面的最大位移平均值明显（p<0.05）较低，但头部和大腿额状面的最大位移平均值明显（p<0.05）较高。在整个运动过程中，老年人的大腿肌肉活动明显（p<0.05）高于年轻人。与年轻人相比，老年人的躯干和腿部肌肉更早收缩，但髋关节内收肌收缩较晚（p<0.05）。老年人在进行向前伸展任务时深蹲时采用浅蹲和脚跟离地的姿势。因此，老年人在深蹲到伸展运动中头部的侧向弯曲增加，以补偿膝关节弯曲不足，并需要增加姿势肌肉的活动来维持侧向稳定性。
