Klar R, Zaiss A
Department of Medical Informatics, University Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Lung. 1990;168 Suppl:1201-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02718262.
Expert systems are computer applications with a built-in knowledge of a special field to solve problems like a human expert on this subject. An expert system consists of an inference component for problem specification and solving, a knowledge base for storage of data, facts, rules and heuristics, an interface for knowledge acquisition, another for the interaction with the user, and a component for reasoning. Pulmonary expert systems are used for automatic interpretations of lung function data which are measured on-line and directly computed. There are also some expert systems for consultation in difficult pulmonary cases and for protection against overlooking rare diseases. Perhaps the most successful applications of pulmonary expert systems are for educational purposes and a large variety of teachware is available. Pulmonary expert systems are presently limited to small applications; often it is necessary to type in large amounts of data and to follow a deeply structured cumbersome dialog. Also, the problem of responsibility for computer decisions has to be mentioned. But pulmonary expert systems as integrated supplements of normal pulmonary measuring devices, as decision support, and as parts of pulmonary teachware will be helpful tools for the pneumological physician.
专家系统是一种计算机应用程序，它内置了特定领域的知识，能够像该领域的人类专家一样解决问题。一个专家系统由用于问题规范和解决的推理组件、用于存储数据、事实、规则和启发式方法的知识库、用于知识获取的接口、另一个用于与用户交互的接口以及一个推理组件组成。肺部专家系统用于对在线测量并直接计算的肺功能数据进行自动解读。也有一些专家系统用于疑难肺部病例的会诊以及防止漏诊罕见疾病。肺部专家系统最成功的应用或许是用于教育目的，并且有各种各样的教学软件可供使用。肺部专家系统目前仅限于小型应用；通常需要输入大量数据并遵循结构复杂、繁琐的对话。此外，还必须提及计算机决策的责任问题。但是，肺部专家系统作为常规肺部测量设备的集成补充、决策支持以及肺部教学软件的一部分，将成为肺科医生的有用工具。
