Ruiz-Morales María Luisa, Verdiguel-Sotelo Karla, Hernández-López Adriana
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Distrito Federal, México.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2010 May-Jun;48(3):309-12.
to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with keratoconus and a corneal transplant (CT) at an ophthalmology reference hospital.
retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study of 166 patients with diagnosis of keratoconus and CT.
average age of 37.59 years, 97 males (58.43%), 69 females (41.56%). The primarily affected eye was the left one (95 cases, 57 %). Coef C -0.01265. The age at the keratoconus diagnosis was between 20 and 29 years (77 cases, 46.40 %), with an average of 24.5 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms were blurred vision: 140 (84.33 %), itching: 100 (60.24 %), photophobia: 20 (12.04 %). Associated systemic diseases: Down Syndrome 2 cases, (1.20 %), asthma 6 cases (3.61 %), atopic dermatitis 14 cases (8.43 %), allergic rhinitis 10 cases (6.02 %). Related ocular diseases: allergic conjunctivitis 72 cases (43.47 %).
There is strong association between the corneal microtrauma secondary to itching resulting from allergic processes and keratoconus. A timely diagnosis is of great importance to diminish the progression to corneal scarring requiring a CT.
确定一家眼科专科医院中圆锥角膜患者及接受角膜移植（CT）患者的发病率及临床特征。
对166例诊断为圆锥角膜及接受角膜移植的患者进行回顾性、横断面、观察性、描述性研究。
平均年龄37.59岁，男性97例（58.43%），女性69例（41.56%）。主要受累眼为左眼（95例，57%）。C系数为-0.01265。圆锥角膜诊断时的年龄在20至29岁之间（77例，46.40%），平均年龄为24.5岁。最常见的体征和症状为视力模糊：140例（84.33%），眼痒：100例（60.24%），畏光：20例（12.04%）。相关全身性疾病：唐氏综合征2例（1.20%），哮喘6例（3.61%），特应性皮炎14例（8.43%），过敏性鼻炎10例（6.02%）。相关眼部疾病：过敏性结膜炎72例（43.47%）。
过敏反应引起的眼痒继发角膜微创伤与圆锥角膜之间存在密切关联。及时诊断对于减少进展为需要角膜移植的角膜瘢痕至关重要。
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