Institute of History, University of Warsaw, Ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland.
Econ Hum Biol. 2011 Mar;9(2):203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2010.11.003. Epub 2010 Dec 7.
Since 1843 Jews inhabiting the Kingdom of Poland were obliged to serve in the Russian army and therefore were examined by draft boards on a par with Christians. We explore the trends in the height of recruits by religion and place of birth. Basing on samples drawn from 21-year-old conscripts born between 1845 and 1892 we find that Jewish conscripts were shorter than the Christians by 2.5 cm at the beginning of the period under scrutiny and the difference exceeded 4 cm in the 1890s. The height of Jewish conscripts inhabiting provincial towns declined in the late 1880s and in the early 1890s was about the same as in the 1840s, i.e. 161 cm. The socioeconomic crisis of provincial towns caused a massive migration to Warsaw and abroad as well. In the 1870s the stature of Warsaw and provincial Jews was similar, but in the early 1890s men from Warsaw were by 2 cm taller than provincial Jews. The height gap mirrors the difference in the standard of living between Warsaw and provincial towns.
自 1843 年起，居住在波兰王国的犹太人必须在俄罗斯军队中服役，因此与基督徒一样接受征兵委员会的检查。我们研究了按宗教和出生地划分的新兵身高趋势。基于 1845 年至 1892 年出生的 21 岁应征者的样本，我们发现，在研究初期，犹太应征者比基督徒矮 2.5 厘米，而在 19 世纪 90 年代，这一差距超过 4 厘米。19 世纪 80 年代末和 19 世纪 90 年代初，居住在省会城镇的犹太应征者的身高下降，与 19 世纪 40 年代的身高大致相同，即 161 厘米。省会城镇的社会经济危机导致了大规模向华沙和国外的移民。在 19 世纪 70 年代，华沙和省会城镇的犹太人身高相似，但在 19 世纪 90 年代初，华沙的男性比省会城镇的犹太人高 2 厘米。身高差距反映了华沙和省会城镇之间生活水平的差异。
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