Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2011;98:187-234. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385506-0.00005-3.
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly brain tumor, possibly arising from genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal astroglial cells. Multiple cytogenetic, chromosomal, and genetic alterations have been identified in glioblastoma, with distinct expression of antigens (Ags) and biomarkers that may alter therapeutic potential of this aggressive cancer. Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In spite of these treatments, the prognosis for glioblastoma patients is poor. Although recent studies have focused on the development of novel immunotherapeutics against glioblastoma, little is known about glioblastoma-specific immune responses. A better understanding of the molecular interactions among glioblastoma tumors, host immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment may give rise to novel integrated approaches for the simultaneous control of tumor escape pathways and the activation of antitumor immune responses. This review provides a detailed overview concerning genetic alterations in glioblastoma, their effects on Ag and biomarker expression, and the future design of chemoimmunotherapeutics against glioblastoma.
胶质母细胞瘤是最常见和最致命的脑肿瘤，可能起源于正常星形胶质细胞的遗传和表观遗传改变。在胶质母细胞瘤中已经确定了多种细胞遗传学、染色体和遗传改变，具有不同的抗原（Ag）和生物标志物表达，这可能改变这种侵袭性癌症的治疗潜力。目前的治疗包括手术切除，然后是放射治疗和化疗。尽管进行了这些治疗，胶质母细胞瘤患者的预后仍然很差。尽管最近的研究集中在开发针对胶质母细胞瘤的新型免疫疗法上，但对胶质母细胞瘤特异性免疫反应知之甚少。更好地了解胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤、宿主免疫细胞和肿瘤微环境之间的分子相互作用，可能会产生针对肿瘤逃逸途径的同时控制和抗肿瘤免疫反应的激活的新型综合方法。这篇综述详细概述了胶质母细胞瘤的遗传改变、它们对 Ag 和生物标志物表达的影响，以及针对胶质母细胞瘤的化学免疫治疗的未来设计。
