Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Med Eng Phys. 2011 Jun;33(5):610-9. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.12.017. Epub 2011 Jan 15.
The non-linear, anisotropic, and viscoelastic properties of human skin vary according to location on the body, age, and individual. The measurement of skin's mechanical properties is important in several fields including medicine, cosmetics, and forensics. In this study, a novel force-sensitive micro-robot applied a rich set of three-dimensional deformations to the skin surface of different areas of the arms of 20 volunteers. The force-displacement response of each area in different directions was measured. All tested areas exhibited a non-linear, viscoelastic, and anisotropic force-displacement response. There was a wide quantitative variation in the stiffness of the response. For the right anterior forearm, the ratio of the maximum probe reaction force to maximum probe displacement ranged from 0.44 N mm(-1) to 1.45 N mm(-1). All volunteers exhibited similar qualitative anisotropic characteristics. For the anterior right forearm, the stiffest force-displacement response was when the probe displaced along the longitudinal axis of the forearm. The response of the anterior left forearm was stiffest in a direction 20° to the longitudinal axis of the forearm. The posterior upper arm was stiffest in a direction 90° to the longitudinal axis of the arm. The averaged posterior upper arm response was less stiff than the averaged anterior forearm response. The maximum probe force at 1.3mm probe displacement was 0.69N for the posterior upper arm and 1.1N for the right anterior forearm. The average energy loss during the loading-unloading cycle ranged from 11.9% to 34.2%. This data will be very useful for studying the non-linear, anisotropic, and viscoelastic behaviour of skin and also for generating material parameters for appropriate constitutive models.
人体皮肤的非线性、各向异性和粘弹性特性因身体部位、年龄和个体的不同而有所差异。皮肤机械特性的测量在医学、化妆品和法医学等多个领域都很重要。在这项研究中,一种新型力敏微机器人对 20 名志愿者手臂不同部位的皮肤表面施加了丰富的三维变形。测量了每个区域在不同方向的力-位移响应。所有测试区域都表现出非线性、粘弹性和各向异性的力-位移响应。响应的刚度存在广泛的定量变化。对于右前臂前侧,最大探针反力与最大探针位移的比值范围为 0.44 N·mm^(-1) 至 1.45 N·mm^(-1)。所有志愿者都表现出类似的定性各向异性特征。对于右前臂前侧,探针沿前臂纵轴位移时,力-位移响应最硬。左前臂前侧的响应在与前臂纵轴成 20°的方向上最硬。上臂后侧在与臂纵轴成 90°的方向上最硬。上臂后侧的平均响应比前侧前臂的平均响应硬。在 1.3mm 探针位移处,最大探针力为 0.69N 时在后臂上部,为 1.1N 时在前臂右侧。加载-卸载循环过程中的平均能量损失范围为 11.9%至 34.2%。这些数据对于研究皮肤的非线性、各向异性和粘弹性行为非常有用,也可用于生成适当本构模型的材料参数。