Karikari-Martin Pauline
Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA.
Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2010 Nov;11(4):286-93. doi: 10.1177/1527154410393741. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
Health policy findings on access to care provide more substantive information if linked to a theory that provides meaningful structure and standard definitions. Three theories of access are reviewed here because they have been used to inform health policy: Penchansky's Model, The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Model of Access Monitoring, and The Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Penchansky's model is useful when subjective experiences with health care access are needed to inform policy makers. The IOM model is used for monitoring quality of health care services provided. The Behavioral Model identifies explanatory/predictive factors associated with utilization of services. Each model uniquely evaluates different health policies. Given the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010, researchers and policy makers must agree on the model that best monitors and evaluates these new policy initiatives.
如果将有关医疗服务可及性的卫生政策研究结果与一个能提供有意义结构和标准定义的理论联系起来，就能提供更具实质性的信息。这里回顾三种医疗服务可及性理论，因为它们已被用于为卫生政策提供信息：彭钱斯基模型、医学研究所（IOM）的医疗服务可及性监测模型以及卫生服务利用行为模型。当需要以医疗服务可及性的主观体验为政策制定者提供信息时，彭钱斯基模型很有用。IOM模型用于监测所提供的医疗服务质量。行为模型识别与服务利用相关的解释性/预测性因素。每个模型对不同的卫生政策进行独特的评估。鉴于2010年《患者保护与平价医疗法案》（PPACA）的通过，研究人员和政策制定者必须就最能监测和评估这些新政策举措的模型达成一致。
