Preendocytotic alterations in cumulus cell gap junctions precede meiotic resumption in the rat cumulus-oocyte complex.

Cumulus cells in the mammalian ovary are normally connected to each other and to their enclosed oocyte by an extensive network of gap junctions (GJs). We have shown that the loss of cumulus cell GJs is correlated temporally with meiotic resumption in the intact preovulatory rat follicle (Larsen et al., 1986). Here we describe morphological changes in GJ particle packing patterns (PPPs) that occur prior to GJ loss and meiotic resumption in hormonally stimulated rat cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). In the PMSG-primed rat, 89% of the cumulus cell GJ area detected by freeze-fracture electron microscopy consists of tightly packed junctional particles: 4% exhibit loose PPPs of randomly dispersed particles; and 7% contain a mixture of both tight and loose PPPs. One to 2 hr after stimulation with hCG, the area of GJs containing tight PPPs drops by 50%-60%, while junctions exhibiting loosely organized and mixed patterns increase concomitantly. These shifts in PPPs are accompanied by the appearance of unusual particle-free areas of puckered or ruffled nonjunctional membrane at the GJ periphery. Cumulus cell GJs from isolated COCs incubated in FSH-containing medium demonstrate a similar shift in PPPs prior to meiotic resumption. The appearance of fusing areas of particle-free nonjunctional membrane at the GJ periphery in vitro is correlated with GJ loss and is not seen in COCs treated with dihydrocytochalasin B to inhibit endocytotic removal of cumulus GJs. The structural and temporal nature of these morphological observations supports the hypothesis that interruption of junctional communication plays a role in meiotic maturation of the preovulatory oocyte.