Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Istanbul University, 34301 Istanbul, Turkey.
Pediatr Res. 2011 May;69(5 Pt 2):101R-8R. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318212c177.
To a large extent, the human infant is socialized through the acquisition of a specific cognitive mechanism known as theory of mind (ToM), a term which is currently used to explain a related set of intellectual abilities that enable us to understand that others have beliefs, desires, plans, hopes, information, and intentions that may differ from our own. Various neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental language disorders, and schizophrenia, as well as acquired disorders of the right brain (and traumatic brain injury) impair ToM. ToM is a composite function, which involves memory, joint attention, complex perceptual recognition (such as face and gaze processing), language, executive functions (such as tracking of intentions and goals and moral reasoning), emotion processing-recognition, empathy, and imitation. Hence, ToM development is dependent on the maturation of several brain systems and is shaped by parenting, social relations, training, and education; thus, it is an example of the dense interaction that occurs between brain development and (social) environment.
在很大程度上，人类婴儿是通过获得一种被称为心理理论（Theory of Mind，ToM）的特定认知机制来实现社会化的，该术语目前被用来解释一系列相关的智力能力，使我们能够理解他人拥有的信念、欲望、计划、希望、信息和意图可能与我们自己的不同。各种神经发育障碍，如自闭症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、发育性语言障碍和精神分裂症，以及右脑获得性障碍（和创伤性脑损伤）都会损害心理理论。心理理论是一种复合功能，涉及记忆、共同注意、复杂的感知识别（如面部和注视处理）、语言、执行功能（如跟踪意图和目标以及道德推理）、情绪处理识别、同理心和模仿。因此，心理理论的发展依赖于几个大脑系统的成熟，并受到育儿、社会关系、训练和教育的影响；因此，它是大脑发育和（社会）环境之间发生的密集相互作用的一个例子。
