Du P, Walling D E
School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 May;69(5):717-26. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.01.022. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Information on the interaction between soil erosion and soil properties is an important requirement for sustainable management of the soil resource. The relationship between soil properties and the soil redistribution rate, reflecting both erosion and deposition, is an important indicator of this interaction. This relationship is difficult to investigate using traditional approaches to documenting soil redistribution rates involving erosion plots and predictive models. However, the use of the fallout radionuclide (137)Cs to document medium-term soil redistribution rates offers a means of overcoming many of the limitations associated with traditional approaches. The study reported sought to demonstrate the potential for using (137)Cs measurements to assess the influence of soil erosion and redistribution on soil properties (particle size composition, total C, macronutrients N, P, K and Mg, micronutrients Mn, Mo, Fe, Cu and Zn and other elements, including Ti and As). (137)Cs measurements undertaken on 52 soil cores collected within a 7 ha cultivated field located near Colebrooke in Devon, UK were used to establish the magnitude and spatial pattern of medium-term soil redistribution rates within the field. The soil redistribution rates documented for the individual sampling points within the field ranged from an erosion rate of -12.9 t ha(-1) yr(-1) to a deposition rate of 19.2 t ha(-1) yr(-1). Composite samples of surface soil (0-5 cm) were collected immediately adjacent to each coring point and these samples were analysed for a range of soil properties. Individual soil properties associated with these samples showed significant variability, with CV values generally lying in the range 10-30%. The relationships between the surface soil properties and the soil redistribution rate were analysed. This analysis demonstrated statistically significant relationships between some soil properties (total phosphorus, % clay, Ti and As) and the soil redistribution rate, but for most properties there was no significant relationship. This suggests that other factors, in addition to soil erosion and soil redistribution, are also important in causing spatial variability in soil properties, or that, because of the relatively deep soils, soil properties are relatively insensitive to soil redistribution processes. The importance of the erosional history of the field was explored using a simple model to predict changes in soil properties in response to the magnitude of the erosion or deposition rate and the length of the period during which the field had been subject to soil erosion and soil redistribution.
土壤侵蚀与土壤性质之间相互作用的信息是土壤资源可持续管理的一项重要要求。土壤性质与反映侵蚀和沉积情况的土壤再分配速率之间的关系是这种相互作用的一个重要指标。利用涉及侵蚀地块和预测模型的传统方法来记录土壤再分配速率，很难对这种关系进行研究。然而，使用沉降放射性核素（137）铯来记录中期土壤再分配速率，提供了一种克服许多与传统方法相关局限性的手段。本研究报告旨在证明利用（137）铯测量来评估土壤侵蚀和再分配对土壤性质（颗粒大小组成、总碳、大量营养素氮、磷、钾和镁、微量营养素锰、钼、铁、铜和锌以及其他元素，包括钛和砷）影响的潜力。对在英国德文郡科尔布鲁克附近一块7公顷耕地上采集的52个土壤芯进行的（137）铯测量，用于确定该地块内中期土壤再分配速率的大小和空间格局。该地块内各个采样点记录的土壤再分配速率范围从-12.9吨公顷（-1）年（-1）的侵蚀速率到19.2吨公顷（-1）年（-1）的沉积速率。在每个取芯点紧邻处立即采集表层土壤（0 - 5厘米）的混合样本，并对这些样本进行一系列土壤性质分析。与这些样本相关的各个土壤性质显示出显著的变异性，变异系数值通常在10% - 30%范围内。分析了表层土壤性质与土壤再分配速率之间的关系。该分析表明，一些土壤性质（总磷、粘粒百分比、钛和砷）与土壤再分配速率之间存在统计学上的显著关系，但对于大多数性质而言，不存在显著关系。这表明，除了土壤侵蚀和土壤再分配之外，其他因素在导致土壤性质的空间变异性方面也很重要，或者是因为土壤相对较深，土壤性质对土壤再分配过程相对不敏感。利用一个简单模型来预测土壤性质随侵蚀或沉积速率大小以及该地块遭受土壤侵蚀和土壤再分配的时间段长度的变化，探讨了该地块侵蚀历史的重要性。
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