University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2011 Sep;12(3):197-209. doi: 10.1007/s11154-011-9171-7.
In the past two decades, two major discoveries have greatly contributed to our current knowledge on the central control of food intake and body-weight; the discovery of the anorexigenic adipocyte derived hormone leptin in 1994 and the orexigenic gut derived hormone ghrelin in 1999. Both hormones act as crucial signals to indicate nutritional status as well as to modulate feeding behaviour through a variety of distinct pathways. They target overlapping CNS regions in order to mediate their obvious opposing effects on energy balance. Here we depict the integral picture of leptin and ghrelin on central regulation of food intake by reviewing their actions across the CNS, in regions of the hypothalamus, brainstem, mesolimbic reward pathway and other higher brain areas.
在过去的二十年中，两项重大发现极大地促进了我们目前对食物摄入和体重的中枢控制的认识；1994 年发现了厌食性脂肪细胞衍生激素瘦素，1999 年发现了食欲性肠道衍生激素胃饥饿素。这两种激素都是作为关键信号，通过多种不同的途径来指示营养状况并调节进食行为。它们针对重叠的中枢神经系统区域，以介导它们对能量平衡的明显相反作用。在这里，我们通过回顾瘦素和胃饥饿素在下丘脑、脑干、中脑奖赏通路和其他高级脑区等中枢神经系统中的作用，描绘了它们对食物摄入的中枢调节的整体图景。
