INRA, CNRS, ENS, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2011;62:365-85. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103852.
The shape of an organism relies on a complex network of genetic regulations and on the homeostasis and distribution of growth factors. In parallel to the molecular control of growth, shape changes also involve major changes in structure, which by definition depend on the laws of mechanics. Thus, to understand morphogenesis, scientists have turned to interdisciplinary approaches associating biology and physics to investigate the contribution of mechanical forces in morphogenesis, sometimes re-examining theoretical concepts that were laid out by early physiologists. Major advances in the field have notably been possible thanks to the development of computer simulations and live quantitative imaging protocols in recent years. Here, we present the mechanical basis of shape changes in plants, focusing our discussion on undifferentiated tissues. How can growth be translated into a quantified geometrical output? What is the mechanical basis of cell and tissue growth? What is the contribution of mechanical forces in patterning?
生物体的形状依赖于遗传调控的复杂网络，以及生长因子的动态平衡和分布。除了分子水平的生长控制，形状变化还涉及到结构的重大变化，而结构的变化定义上取决于力学定律。因此，为了理解形态发生，科学家们采用了生物学和物理学相结合的跨学科方法，研究机械力在形态发生中的贡献，有时会重新审视早期生理学家提出的理论概念。近年来，计算机模拟和活体定量成像技术的发展，为该领域取得重大进展提供了可能。在这里，我们介绍了植物形状变化的力学基础，重点讨论了未分化组织。生长如何转化为量化的几何输出？细胞和组织生长的力学基础是什么？机械力在模式形成中的作用是什么？
