Díaz A, Zaragoza R, Granada R, Salavert M
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España.
Med Intensiva. 2011 Apr;35(3):179-85. doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2011.01.001. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
Viruses play a significant role in serious infections in adults and sometimes lead to the need for hospitalization and admission to intensive care units, especially in cases of severe respiratory distress or encephalopathy. Influenza and parainfluenza viruses, syncytial respiratory virus, herpes viruses and adenovirures are the most frequent causes of these severe infections. A review of the literature has been performed in order to update the epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic approach of viral infections affecting immunocompetent patients. Furthermore, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in intensive care units and has a high morbidity and mortality rate. It is mainly a bacterial disease, although the potential role of viruses as pathogens or copathogens in VAP is under discussion. Therefore, a brief review of the potential pathogenic role of viruses in VAP has also been performed.
病毒在成人严重感染中起重要作用，有时会导致患者需要住院并入住重症监护病房，尤其是在出现严重呼吸窘迫或脑病的情况下。流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、疱疹病毒和腺病毒是这些严重感染最常见的病因。为了更新影响免疫功能正常患者的病毒感染的流行病学、发病机制和治疗方法，我们进行了文献综述。此外，呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）是重症监护病房最常见的医院感染，其发病率和死亡率都很高。它主要是一种细菌性疾病，不过病毒作为VAP病原体或共病原体的潜在作用仍在讨论中。因此，我们也对病毒在VAP中的潜在致病作用进行了简要综述。
