Department of Traffic and Engineering Psychology, TU Braunschweig, Gaussstr 23, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May;43(3):1134-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.023. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
Although Cruise Control (CC) is available for most cars, no studies have been found which examine how this automation system influences driving behaviour. However, a relatively large number of studies have examined Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) which compared to CC includes also a distance control. Besides positive effects with regard to a better compliance to speed limits, there are also indications of smaller distances to lead vehicles and slower responses in situations that require immediate braking. Similar effects can be expected for CC as this system takes over longitudinal control as well. To test this hypothesis, a simulator study was conducted at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Twenty-two participants drove different routes (highway and motorway) under three different conditions (assisted by ACC, CC and manual driving without any system). Different driving scenarios were examined including a secondary task condition. On the one hand, both systems lead to lower maximum velocities and less speed limit violations. There was no indication that drivers shift more of their attention towards secondary tasks when driving with CC or ACC. However, there were delayed driver reactions in critical situations, e.g., in a narrow curve or a fog bank. These results give rise to some caution regarding the safety effects of these systems, especially if in the future their range of functionality (e.g., ACC Stop-and-Go) is further increased.
虽然大多数汽车都配备了巡航控制系统（CC），但目前尚未发现研究该自动化系统如何影响驾驶行为的相关研究。然而，已经有相当多的研究检查了自适应巡航控制系统（ACC），与 CC 相比，它还包括距离控制。除了在遵守限速方面的积极效果外，在需要立即制动的情况下，ACC 还表明与前车的距离更小，响应速度更慢。由于 CC 系统也接管了纵向控制，因此可以预期会产生类似的效果。为了验证这一假设，德国航空航天中心（DLR）进行了一项模拟研究。22 名参与者在三种不同条件下（辅助驾驶时使用 ACC、CC 和手动驾驶而不使用任何系统）在不同的路线（高速公路和高速公路）上进行了驾驶。研究了不同的驾驶场景，包括次要任务条件。一方面，这两个系统都导致最大速度降低，并且违反限速的情况更少。没有迹象表明，当驾驶员使用 CC 或 ACC 驾驶时，他们会将更多注意力转移到次要任务上。然而，在关键情况下，例如在狭窄的弯道或雾区，驾驶员的反应会延迟。这些结果使得人们对这些系统的安全效果产生了一些警惕，特别是如果在未来，它们的功能范围（例如，ACC 停止和启动）进一步扩大的话。
